Cuidados en mujer mayor con fragilidad y doble proceso infeccioso por Clostridium difficile y COVID-19 en el ámbito hospitalario / Care for an elderly frail woman with double infection by Clostridium difficile and COVID-19 in the hospital setting

El objetivo fue presentar un plan de cuidados enfermero individualizado para una mujer de 94 años, con fragilidad, sin deterioro cognitivo, procedente de residencia sociosanitaria, que ingresó en la Unidad de Medicina Interna derivada de Urgencias por presentar infección por Clostridium difficile e infección respiratoria por COVID-19. Tras realizarle una valoración al ingreso siguiendo los patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon se priorizaron los siguientes diagnósticos NANDA: síndrome de anciano frágil, integridad de la piel deteriorada y dolor crónico. Para cada uno se establecieron los resultados NOC deseados: Estado nutricional, movilidad, conocimiento: prevención de caídas, integridad tisular: piel y membranas mucosas, dolor: efectos nocivos, dolor: respuesta psicológica adversa. Las intervenciones NIC y sus correspondientes actividades consiguieron una mejora en la puntuación basal de todos los indicadores alcanzando la puntuación diana. Es fundamental que la atención al paciente mayor se cumpla desde las esferas: físico, mental, funcional y social.(AU)

The objective was to present an individualized nursing plan of care for a 94-year-old woman, presenting frailty, without cognitive deterioration, coming from a nursing home and admitted to the Internal Medicine Unit by referral from the Emergency Unit, due to presenting infection by Clostridium difficile and respiratory infection by COVID-19. After assessment at admission, following Marjory Gordon’s functional health patterns, the following NANDA diagnoses were prioritized: frailty syndrome of the elderly, skin integrity deterioration, and chronic pain. The desired NOC outcomes were determined for each: nutritional status, mobility, knowledge: prevention of falls, tissue integrity: skin and mucous membranes, pain: harmful effects, pain; adverse psychological response. The NIC interventions and their corresponding activities achieved an improvement in the basal score of all indicators, reaching the target score. It is essential to address care for elderly patients from the physical, mental, functional and social areas.(AU)

Las diversas caras de la enfermería durante el Nacionalsocialismo (1933-1945): una revisión narrativa / As várias faces da enfermagem durante o nacional-socialismo (1933-1945): uma revisão narrativa / he diverse faces of nursing during National Socialism (1933-1945): a narrative review

In a certain period in the history of nursing, the care and attention characteristic of theprofession coexisted with the ignorance and cruelty of a society corrupted by tragedy and hatredtowards the human being. Objective: to make known the role of the supporters of the Nazi party asnurses of the Allied side and of the resistance during National Socialism in Europe and expose thedifferences between the care they provided. Methodology: narrative review developed through thebibliographic search of books and articles in various databases, selected based on inclusion andexclusion criteria. Results: the nursing care of the time was strongly differentiated between twosides, where empathy and affection were replaced by abuse and barbarism. In addition, a type ofnursing has been discovered which was forced to help the National Socialist regime against its will.Conclusion: the actions of those nurses who worked during the time of Nazism have been reflected,for the current nursing can know what happened in the past to learn and improve for the future.(AU)

En un determinado período de la historia de la enfermería, los cuidados característicosde la profesión convivieron junto la ignorancia y la crueldad de una sociedad corrompida por latragedia, el miedo y el odio. Objetivo: dar a conocer tanto el papel de las enfermeras simpatizantesdel partido nazi como el de las enfermeras del bando aliado y de la resistencia durante el Nacionalsocialismo en Europa y exponer las diferencias entre los cuidados que prestaron. Metodología: revisión narrativa desarrollada a través de la búsqueda bibliográfica de libros y de artículos en diversas bases de datos, seleccionados a partir de unos criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: laatención enfermera de la época estuvo fuertemente diferenciada entre los dos bandos, dónde la empatía y el afecto se substituyeron por el maltrato y la barbarie. Además, se ha descubierto un tipode enfermería la cual se vio obligada a ayudar al régimen nacionalsocialista en contra de su voluntad. Conclusión: se han plasmado las actuaciones de aquellas enfermeras que trabajaron durante laépoca del nazismo, para que la enfermería actual pueda conocer lo que ocurrió en el pasado y mejorar de cara al futuro.(AU)

Num determinado período da história da enfermagem, o cuidado e a atenção característicada profissão coexistiam com a ignorância e a crueldade de uma sociedade corrompida pela tragédiae pelo ódio ao ser humano. Objectivo: dar a conhecer o papel dos apoiantes do partido nazi comoenfermeiros do lado aliado e da resistência durante o nacional-socialismo na Europa o expor as diferenças entre os cuidados que prestaram. Metodologia: revisão narrativa desenvolvida através dabusca bibliográfica de artigos em várias bases de dados, selecionados com base em critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: o cuidado de enfermagem do tempo foi fortemente diferenciado entreos dois lados, onde a empatia e o afeto foram substituídos por abuso e barbárie. Além disso, foidescoberto um tipo de enfermagem que foi forçada a ajudar o regime nacional-socialista contra suavontade. Conclusão: as ações das enfermeiras que trabalharam na época do nazismo foram reflectidas, para que a enfermagem atual possa saber o que aconteceu no passado para aprender e melhorarpara o futuro.(AU)

Validating potential organ and tissue donors in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic: Scoping review and recommendations construction.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the available information to support registered nurses' clinical decisions in assessing and validating potential organ and tissue donors during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: This is a scoping review developed in six stages. The sixth stage was developed with registered nurses who work in the Brazil Organ Donation System. To consolidate the information and prepare all assumptions, the legislation in force in Brazil was followed. RESULTS: Recommendations from 19 articles identified in the literature were analyzed; additionally, 52 professionals who work at Brazil Organ Donation System participated in the research. Four care assumptions were formed: investigation of community transmission, investigation of clinical situations, screening for COVID-19 signs and symptoms, and investigation of alterations presented in the physical examination. Such assumptions are formed by 34 care guidelines. DISCUSSION: Care assumptions were prepared to guide and support registered nurses during assessment and validation of potential organ and tissue donors. From this perspective, assumptions certainly promote safety, effectiveness and quality in the service offered during the organ and tissue donation process in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to empowering registered nurses in this scenario. Quality and bio-surveillance through the donation stages have been discussed extensively in recent times, to improve donation and transplantations by valuing care, safety, and quality of life of recipients. CONCLUSION: The care assumptions presented in this study support and subsidize the daily practice of registered nurses who work in assessing and validating potential organ and tissue donors, enabling these professionals to make decisions based on secure information.

Lesión renal aguda en el paciente pediátrico: revisión integrativa / Acute kidney injury in the paediatric patient: An integrative review

Introducción: La lesión renal aguda se ha convertido en una complicación común en los niños hospitalizados, especialmente cuando están en una situación clínica crítica.Objetivos: Conocer y sintetizar la bibliografía científica más actualizada sobre la lesión renal aguda en la población pediátrica.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de revisión integrativa. La búsqueda de artículos se ha realizado en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus y Google Scholar. La estrategia de búsqueda se estableció con los siguientes términos MeSH: ”acute kidney injury”, “children” y “pediatric”. La calidad metodológica se realizó mediante la escala STROBE.Resultados: Se incluyeron 35 artículos, 19 de diseño observacional retrospectivo, 12 observacionales prospectivos, 3 revisiones bibliográficas y 1 estudio cualitativo. No hay variables sociodemográficas destacables que impliquen mayor probabilidad de presentar lesión renal aguda. Tanto la etiología como los factores de riesgo son muy variables. La lesión renal aguda se asocia a mayor número de complicaciones y estancia hospitalaria. No hay evidencia de cuidados enfermeros en la lesión renal aguda en pacientes pediátricos.Conclusiones: Se observa una falta de homogeneidad en los criterios de definición, incidencia, etiología, factores de riesgo y de tratamiento en los pacientes pediátricos con lesión renal aguda, y escasez de artículos originales de investigación. La lesión renal aguda pediátrica se asocia a mayor mortalidad, morbilidad, mayor estancia hospitalaria y mayor duración de la ventilación mecánica. El papel de enfermería en el manejo del tratamiento conservador y de las terapias de reemplazo renal de este cuadro, es fundamental en la supervivencia de estos pacientes. (AU)

Introduction: Acute kidney injury has become a common complication in hospitalised children, especially when they are in a critical clinical situation.Objective: To identify and synthesise the most up-to-date scientific literature on acute kidney injury in the paediatric population.Methodology: Descriptive study of integrative review. The search for articles was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The search strategy was established with the following MeSH terms: “acute kidney injury”, “children” and “paediatric”. Methodological quality was assessed using the STROBE scale.Results: 35 articles were included, 19 with a retrospective observational design, 12 prospective observational, 3 literature reviews and 1 qualitative study. There are no notable socio-demographic variables that imply a greater probability of presenting acute kidney injury. Both aetiology and risk factors are highly variable. Acute kidney injury is associated with a greater number of complications and hospital stay. There is no evidence of nursing care in acute kidney injury in paediatric patients.Conclusions: A lack of homogeneity in the criteria for definition, incidence, aetiology, risk factors and treatment in paediatric patients with acute kidney injury is observed, as well as a scarcity of original research articles. Paediatric acute kidney injury is associated with higher mortality, morbidity, longer hospital stays and duration of mechanical ventilation. The role of nursing in the management of conservative treatment and renal replacement therapies is vital in the survival of such patients. (AU)

The relationship between attitude of nurses toward the patient safety and missed nursing care: A predictive study.

BACKGROUND: Positive attitude of nurses toward patient safety can play a major role in increasing the quality of nursing care and reducing missed nursing care. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the Attitude of Nurses Toward Patient Safety and missed nursing care. METHODS: This study was conducted in 2021 at the hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Iran). In the present study, 351 nurses were included in the study by using a stratified random sampling method. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire, missed nursing care questionnaire, and patient safety attitudes questionnaire. Missed Nursing Care Questionnaire includes 24 items, such as patient movement, rotation, evaluation, training, discharge planning, medication prescription, scored on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from score 1 (I miss rarely), score 2 (I miss occasionally), score 3 (I miss usually), and score 4 (I miss always). The highest score is 96 and the lowest score is 24 on this scale. A higher score indicates a higher possibility of missed care. RESULTS: The mean total (standard deviation) of missed nursing care was 32.76 (7.13) (score range: 24-96) and the mean total score of nurses' patient safety attitudes was 53.19 (18.71) out of 100. Results of the present study showed that nurses' patient safety attitudes are at a moderate level and have a significant inverse relationship with the incidence of missed nursing care (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the results and given the relationship between patient safety attitudes and missed nursing care, it is essential to use individual and organizational interventions to increase patient safety attitudes in various dimensions in nurses and consequently to reduce missed nursing care and improve the quality of healthcare.

La integración de cuidados de enfermería en el anciano en estado de necesidad desde la perspectiva comunitaria / Integration of Nursing Care in the Elderly in Need from the Community Perspective

Introducción: El cuidado en enfermería se aborda desde una perspectiva holística que permita cubrir las necesidades reales de los pacientes en su entorno, que tienen entre sus funciones la de ayudar al anciano enfermo o sano a realizar las actividades que contribuyen a su salud, recuperación o una muerte tranquila en la comunidad. Objetivo: Exponer algunas consideraciones sobre la integración de los cuidados de enfermería en el anciano en estado de necesidad desde la perspectiva comunitaria. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática para desarrollar un análisis crítico reflexivo sobre la integración cuidados de enfermería en el anciano en estado de necesidad desde la perspectiva comunitaria, en documentos, artículos originales y de revisión disponible en Google Académico y Medline en el período de marzo a junio de 2018, las palabras clave utilizadas fueron Cuidado de enfermería; cuidados comunitarios; Enfermería; integración de cuidados de enfermería, identificadas a través del DECs o de MeSH. Se utilizaron los métodos de análisis, síntesis y sistematización, que posibilitaron la interpretación y la organización de los conocimientos. Tras la identificación de los estudios preseleccionados se llevó a cabo la lectura de los títulos, resumen y palabras clave, y se comprobó la pertinencia con el estudio. Conclusiones: La integración de los cuidados de enfermería permitió contextualizar este fenómeno desde la perspectiva de la comunidad, mediante el aporte de elementos puntuales en el manejo, seguimiento y control de los ancianos en estado de necesidad(AU)

Introduction: Nursing care is approached from a holistic perspective that allows meeting the real needs of patients in their settings, whose functions include helping the sick or healthy elderlies carry out activities that contribute to their health, recovery or having a quiet death in the community. Objective: To present some considerations about the integration of nursing care in the elderly in need from the community perspective. Methods: A systematic bibliographic review was carried out to develop a critical-reflective analysis about the integration of nursing care in the elderly in need from the community perspective, using documents, original articles and review available in Google Scholar and Medline, in the period from March to June 2018. The keywords used were Cuidado de enfermería [Nursing care], cuidados comunitarios [community care], Enfermería [Nursing] and integración de cuidados de enfermería [integration of nursing care], identified through DECs or MeSH. Analysis, synthesis and systematization methods were used, which made the interpretation and organization of knowledge possible. After the identification of the preselected studies, the titles, abstract and keywords were read, and the relevance to the study was checked. Conclusions: The integration of nursing care allowed contextualizing this phenomenon from the community perspective, through the contribution of specific elements to the management, follow-up and control of the elderly in need(AU)

Validating potential organ and tissue donors in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic: Scoping review and recommendations construction.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the available information to support registered nurses' clinical decisions in assessing and validating potential organ and tissue donors during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: This is a scoping review developed in six stages. The sixth stage was developed with registered nurses who work in the Brazil Organ Donation System. To consolidate the information and prepare all assumptions, the legislation in force in Brazil was followed. RESULTS: Recommendations from 19 articles identified in the literature were analyzed; additionally, 52 professionals who work at Brazil Organ Donation System participated in the research. Four care assumptions were formed: investigation of community transmission, investigation of clinical situations, screening for COVID-19 signs and symptoms, and investigation of alterations presented in the physical examination. Such assumptions are formed by 34 care guidelines. DISCUSSION: Care assumptions were prepared to guide and support registered nurses during assessment and validation of potential organ and tissue donors. From this perspective, assumptions certainly promote safety, effectiveness and quality in the service offered during the organ and tissue donation process in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to empowering registered nurses in this scenario. Quality and bio-surveillance through the donation stages have been discussed extensively in recent times, to improve donation and transplantations by valuing care, safety, and quality of life of recipients. CONCLUSION: The care assumptions presented in this study support and subsidize the daily practice of registered nurses who work in assessing and validating potential organ and tissue donors, enabling these professionals to make decisions based on secure information.

Nursing care in therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is one of the main causes of neurological damage in the new-born. Therapeutic hypothermia is the current treatment to reduce mortality and disability in new-borns with this condition. OBJECTIVE: To identify nursing care in new-borns with severe to moderate EHI, treated with active therapeutic hypothermia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the scientific literature was carried out in different databases (PubMed, Lilacs, IBECS, Cinhal, OvidSP, Cuiden, Embase and Cochrane Plus) over the last five years. The documentary assessment was carried out by peers and the quality was evaluated using the CEBM and GRADE scales. RESULTS: Of the 22 articles selected and reviewed, it is evident that therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the mobility and mortality of neo-nates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care during hypothermia treatment focuses on four basic pillars: general care for stabilisation of the new-born, preparation of the material, administration of medical treatment in all its phases and emotional support of the family. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the sequelae and mortality of neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care is essential throughout the treatment, in the early detection of complications in the infant and psychological support for parents. It is essential for nurses to receive training in this care.

Cuidados enfermeros a neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica en hipotermia terapéutica. Revisión bibliográfica / Nursing care in therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Review of the literature

Introducción La encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica es una de las principales causas de daño neurológico en el neonato. Actualmente, la hipotermia terapéutica es el tratamiento de elección para reducir la mortalidad y la discapacidad en los niños que presentan esta patología. Objetivo Identificar los cuidados enfermeros en recién nacidos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica moderada a severa tratados con hipotermia terapéutica activa. Materiales y métodos Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica en diferentes bases de datos (PubMed, Lilacs, IBECS, Cinhal, OvidSP, Cuiden, Embase y Cochrane Plus) durante los últimos 5 años. La valoración documental se realizó por pares y la calidad se evaluó mediante las escalas CEBM y GRADE. Resultados De los 22 artículos seleccionados y revisados se evidencia que la hipotermia terapéutica es efectiva al reducir la morbimortalidad de los neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica. Los cuidados enfermeros durante el tratamiento de hipotermia se centran en 4 pilares básicos: los cuidados generales para la estabilización del recién nacido, la preparación del material, la administración del tratamiento médico en todas sus fases y el soporte emocional de la familia. Conclusiones La hipotermia terapéutica es efectiva al reducir las secuelas y la mortalidad de los neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica. Los cuidados enfermeros son esenciales y están presentes durante todo el tratamiento, detectan precozmente complicaciones en los niños y ofrecen apoyo psicológico a los padres. La formación del personal de enfermería en estos cuidados es fundamental. (AU)

Introduction Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is one of the main causes of neurological damage in the new-born. Therapeutic hypothermia is the current treatment to reduce mortality and disability in new-borns with this condition. ObjectiveTo identify nursing care in new-borns with severe to moderate hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, treated with active therapeutic hypothermia. Materials and methods A review of the scientific literature was carried out in different databases (PubMed, Lilacs, IBECS, Cinhal, OvidSP, Cuiden, Embase and Cochrane Plus) over the last five years. The documentary assessment was carried out by peers and the quality was evaluated using the CEBM and GRADE scales. Results Of the 22 articles selected and reviewed, it is evident that therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the mobility and mortality of neo-nates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care during hypothermia treatment focuses on four basic pillars: general care for stabilisation of the new-born, preparation of the material, administration of medical treatment in all its phases and emotional support of the family. Conclusions Therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the sequelae and mortality of neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care is essential throughout the treatment, in the early detection of complications in the infant and psychological support for parents. It is essential for nurses to receive training in this care. (AU)

Nursing care in therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Review of the literature. / Cuidados enfermeros a neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica en hipotermia terapéutica. Revisión bibliográfica.

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is one of the main causes of neurological damage in the new-born. Therapeutic hypothermia is the current treatment to reduce mortality and disability in new-borns with this condition. OBJECTIVE: To identify nursing care in new-borns with severe to moderate hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, treated with active therapeutic hypothermia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the scientific literature was carried out in different databases (PubMed, Lilacs, IBECS, Cinhal, OvidSP, Cuiden, Embase and Cochrane Plus) over the last five years. The documentary assessment was carried out by peers and the quality was evaluated using the CEBM and GRADE scales. RESULTS: Of the 22 articles selected and reviewed, it is evident that therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the mobility and mortality of neo-nates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care during hypothermia treatment focuses on four basic pillars: general care for stabilisation of the new-born, preparation of the material, administration of medical treatment in all its phases and emotional support of the family. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the sequelae and mortality of neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care is essential throughout the treatment, in the early detection of complications in the infant and psychological support for parents. It is essential for nurses to receive training in this care.

[Standardized nursing languages and care plans. Perception of use and utility in primary healthcare]. / Lenguajes enfermeros estandarizados y planes de cuidados. Percepción de su empleo y utilidad en atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To identify opinions of Primary Healthcare nurses on the use and usefulness of standardised nursing care plans and traditional nursing language systems in the practice settings. DESIGN: Multicentre, observational, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Primary Healthcare centres in Catalonia. PARTICIPANTS: Sample size was estimated at 1,668 registered nurses. Consecutive sampling was applied. INTERVENTIONS: On-line survey containing questions on ease, usefulness, and use of nursing care plans and standardised nursing language systems. MEASUREMENTS: Descriptive statistics, including percentages, central tendency, and dispersion measures. Statistical significance was set at P≤.05. RESULTS: The final analysis included 1,813 questionnaires. Participants stated that care plans have a medium added value, however their use is frequently incorrect. They stated to have a fair level of knowledge on traditional standardised nursing languages, and most were of the opinion that these languages are difficult to use in practice (81%) and not useful to represent nursing care provision and its outcomes (78%). Regardless of their education level and years of experience, the participants assessed as insufficient the clarity (P=.058), ease of use (P=.240), and usefulness (P=.039) of these language systems in practice. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses say that urgent changes are required in the use of care plans. This includes changing the language systems, and improving data and information that positively impacts on the provision of nursing care, as well as to enhance the health outcomes of the individuals receiving Primary Healthcare services.

Infant hydrocephalus in sub-Saharan Africa: Impact of perioperative care in the Zanzibar archipelago. / Hidrocefalia infantil en el África subsahariana: impacto de los cuidados perioperatorios en el archipiélago de Zanzíbar.

INTRODUCTION: Child hydrocephalus in low- and middle-income countries represents one of the most sensitive ethical and health problems facing international health development. The most optimistic estimates indicate that 200,000 newborns annually will develop hydrocephalus or be born with a neural tube defect in East, Central and South Africa (ECSA). It is estimated that less than 10% of these children will be operated by ventriculoperitoneal shunts, and in general in poor quality conditions or with a very high complication rate. OBJECTIVE: To describe the general characteristics, epidemiology and demographic data of childhood hydrocephalus of patients treated at the NED Institute in the Zanzibar archipelago, and assess the clinical details and medium-term results of the impact of the set-up nursing care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a descriptive and analytical observational study of a retrospective nature, in patients diagnosed and treated with childhood hydrocephalus, in the period from September 2016 to September 2018. With the implementation of a series of perioperative nursing protocols in these patients, the results obtained were described and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 96 patients were treated for childhood hydrocephalus. 51% (n=49) of these patients were male, with a mean age of 9.25 months. All the mothers of the patients were monitored during pregnancy, but only 8% were treated with folic acid during pregnancy. 81% of children were born through vaginal delivery or uncomplicated spontaneous delivery. Regarding the etiology, 27.1% of treated hydrocephalus was associated with an infectious cause and 35.4% with an unknown cause. 67 ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery and 15 endoscopic ventriculostomies were performed. The complication rate was 23.17%. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this research indicate that childhood hydrocephalus in Zanzibar has etiology, evolution and complications that are similar to or less than those described to date in East Africa. Implementing a series of perioperative protocols and standardized nursing care positively influences the results obtained. Currently, the Mnazi Mmoja Surgical NED Institute is one of the few centers in East Africa with an exhaustive record of healthcare activity and is the first health center that offers further training to nurses.

[Intervention to reduce the impact of light and noise on sleep in an emergency department observation area]. / Intervención para reducir la repercusión en el sueño de la luz y el ruido en áreas de observación de urgencias.

OBJECTIVES: To study quality of patient rest before and after an intervention to reduce nighttime light and noise in the emergency department observation area of an urban hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quasi-experimental study in 2 groups before and after the intervention in the observation area of the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. We administered a questionnaire about the quality of nighttime rest to assess the effect of light and noise on sleep. Light and noise were reduced by means of structural changes to the environment and through the introduction of protocols to modify how care plans were carried out at night. RESULTS: Fifty nurses participated in the pre-intervention study and 371 in the post-intervention study. Seventy-two percent and 91.37% of the patients reported resting well before and after the intervention, respectively (P< .001). Factors like pain, nursing care, or daytime naps do not affect sleep quality. CONCLUSION: Nighttime rest in emergency department observation areas is affected by ambient light and noise more than by other variables. Reducing light and noise at night can measurably improve patients' rest.

OBJETIVO: Conocer la calidad del descanso nocturno tras una intervención para minimizar la presencia de luz y el ruido nocturnos en las áreas de observación de urgencias (AOU) de un hospital urbano. METODO: Se realiza un ensayo clínico cuasiexperimental con un grupo preintervención (Grupo PRE) y otro posterior (Grupo POS) a la intervención, mediante cuestionario ad hoc sobre repercusión de luz y ruido en la calidad del descanso nocturno en el AOU del Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. La intervención consistió en cambios estructurales para reducir luz y el ruido ambientales, así como la instauración de un procedimiento normalizado de trabajo para modificar los planes de cuidados nocturnos. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron en el Grupo PRE 50 enfermos y 371 en el Grupo POS. El grupo PRE declaró haber tenido un buen descanso en un 72% de los casos frente al 91% del grupo POS (p < 0,001). Factores como el dolor, las intervenciones enfermeras o el sueño diurno no repercutieron en la calidad del sueño. CONCLUSIONES: La luz y el ruido ambientales influyen en el descanso nocturno en AOU más que otras variables conocidas. Intervenciones sobre la luz y el ruido pueden mejorar objetivamente el descanso nocturno de los pacientes.

[Patterns of detection of mild cognitive impairment in nursing]. / Patrones de detección del deterioro cognitivo leve en enfermería.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by an acquired cognitive loss that places individuals, mainly older adults, in an intermediate stage between normal cognitive functioning and dementia. This impairment has a high risk of progression to dementia and is suitable for screening, which allows more effective early intervention. Nursing professionals, especially community-based primary care nurses, play an important role in the detection and follow-up of MCI and in interventions for this condition. The first step should be to take a thorough history from both the patient and his or her carers, which should assess the changes occurring in the patient's daily, family and social life through functional patterns. In subsequent assessment of cognitive function, brief screening tests can be used such as the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) or other similar tests. Special attention should be paid to the presence of affective or depressive symptoms, sensory deficits, polypharmacy, decompensated cardiovascular risk factors, and rapid functional deterioration, given their particular influence on MCI. Finally, various nurse-led, non-pharmacological interventions that are effective in MCI can be recommended, based on cardiovascular risk factor control, physical exercise, and cognitive and psychosocial interventions.

Efecto de una intervención educativa en el indicador de calidad: trato digno / Impact of an educational intervention on a quality marker: dignified treatment

Resumen:

Objetivo: analizar el efecto de una intervención educativa sobre el indicador trato digno. Método: estudio analítico cuasiexperimental, con análisis pre y postintervención educativa. La encuesta se realizó en 100 pacientes divididos en dos grupos, 50 antes y 50 posteriores a la intervención. La intervención educativa se efectuó al total de enfermeras (18) que tenían relación directa con el grupo de pacientes encuestados. Resultados: el trato digno medido en el grupo de pacientes (50) antes de la intervención mostró que para 26 (52%) pacientes fue regular y el resto 24 (48%) lo evaluó como deficiente. En el grupo postintervención mostró cambios significativos con una T49= 30,1 y una p= 0,00001; 14% evaluaron el trato digno como excelente, 68% bueno y 8% regular. Conclusión: se concluye que la educación en pequeños grupos es efectiva y tiene influencia directa en las acciones que realiza la enfermera ante sus pacientes.

Demostrar el amor: una necesidad que se vive, se siente, se expresa durante la gestación / Demonstrate love: a need that is lived, felt, expressed during gestation

El objetivo general fue describir lo que significa la sexualidad para la mujer gestante, siendo necesario ejecutar un estudio de tipo Descriptivo, de corte etnográfico, con enfoque cualitativo, soportado en la Teoría de la Cultura de los cuidados: Teoría de la diversidad y la universalidad de Madeline Leninger. Las participantes fueron nueve gestantes inscritas al Control Prenatal del Hospital de Engativá, UPAS de Bachue y Quirigua. La saturación de la información se logró con la realización de veintitrés entrevistas a profundidad. Con el Método Etnográfico de James Spradley; la observación de la investigadora principal y las notas del diario de campo, se realizo el análisis de la información. Se identifico un tema general: DEMOSTRAR EL AMOR: UNA NECESIDAD QUE SE VIVE, SE SIENTE, SE EXPRESA DURANTE LA GESTACIÓN, constituido por tres subtemas con sus respectivos dominios; La protección (cuidarse y la normalidad), el miedo (tener relaciones sexuales, los cambios y tener sexo); y la satisfacción (ejercer la sexualidad, relacionarse con el esposo y estar bien). Se concluye que la sexualidad es el amor, complementado con la relación sexual, y es fundamental en el desarrollo humano. De acuerdo al conocimiento cultural, está sujeta a mitos y creencias que históricamente han acompañado a la gestación, no solo como una necesidad para la continuidad de la vida, sino también como un aspecto esencial de convivencia y comunicación con otros individuos

The general objective was to describe what means the sexuality for the pregnant woman, being necessary to execute one study of Descriptive type, of ethnographic cut, with qualitative approach supported on the Theory of the culture of care: The Theory of diversity and the universality of the nurse Madeline Leninger. The participants were nine gestantes who in that time were registered in the Program of Prenatal Control of the Hospital of Engativa, UPAS of Bachue and Quirigua. The saturation of information was achieved through the execution of Twenty three depth interviews, with Ethnographic Method of James Spradley; the observation of the main researcher and the notes contained in the field diary, was analyzed the information. A general topic was identified: TO DEMONSTRATE THE LOVE: A NEED THAT IS LIVED, FELT, EXPRESSED DURING THE GESTATION, it is constituted by three subthemes with their respective domains The protection (to be careful and the normality), the fear (to have sexual relations, the changes and to have sex); and the satisfaction (to exert the sexuality, to relate to the husband and be well). The conclusion is: sexuality is the love complemented with the sexual relation, and it is essential for human development. According to the cultural knowledge it is related with myths and beliefs that historically have accompanied the pregnancy, not only as a need for the continuity of life, but also as an essential aspect of coexistence and communication with other individuals.